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常見問題 我們總結了一些常見問題
生產 A. 是的。 我們為客戶提供OEM/ODM解決方案。 OEM 最小起訂量為 10,000 件。
A. 我們依聯合國規定包裝,也可以依客戶要求提供特殊包裝。
A. 我們有ISO9001、CB、CE、UL、BIS、UN38.3、KC、PSE。
A. 我們提供功率不超過10WH的電池作為免費樣品。
A. 每天120,000-150,000件,每種產品都有不同的產能,您可以根據電子郵件討論詳細資訊。
其他 A. 我們一般接受 30% 預付款作為定金,並在交貨前接受 70% 作為尾款。 其他方式可協商。
A. 我們已將貨物運送到北歐、西歐、北美、中東、亞洲、非洲等地。
專業技術 A. 電池是一種透過反應將化學能或物理能轉換為電能的能量轉換和儲存裝置。根據電池能量轉換的不同,電池可分為化學電池和生物電池。化學電池或化學電源是將化學能轉換為電能的裝置。它由兩個不同成分的電化學活性電極組成,分別由正極和負極組成。採用能提供介質傳導的化學物質作為電解質。當連接到外部載體時,它會透過轉換其內部化學能來傳遞電能。物理電池是一種將物理能轉換為電能的裝置。
A. 主要區別在於活性物質不同。 二次電池的活性物質是可逆的,而一次電池的活性物質則不可逆。 一次電池的自放電比二次電池小得多。 然而,內阻比二次電池大得多,因此負載容量較低。 此外,一次電池的質量比容量和體積比容量比現有的可充電電池更顯著。
A. 鎳氫電池以氧化鎳為正極,儲氫金屬為負極,鹼液(主要為KOH)為電解液。鎳氫電池充電時: 正極反應:Ni(OH)2 + OH- → NiOOH + H2O–e- 負極反應:M+H2O +e-→ MH+ OH- 鎳氫電池放電時:正極反應:NiOOH + H2O + e- → Ni(OH)2 + OH- 負極反應:MH+ OH- →M+H2O +e-
A. 鋰離子電池正極的主要成分是LiCoO2,負極主要是C。 Li2-xCoO1 + CLix 放電時發生上述反應的逆反應。
A. 電池常用的IEC標準:鎳氫電池的標準為IEC61951-2:2003;鋰離子電池產業一般遵循UL或國家標準。電池常用的國家標準:鎳氫電池的標準有GB/T15100_1994、GB/T18288_2000;鋰電池的標準有GB/T10077_1998、YD/T998_1999、GB/T18287_2000。此外,電池常用的標準還包括關於電池的日本工業標準JIS C。 IEC,即國際電氣委員會(International Electrical Commission),是由各國電氣委員會組成的世界性標準化組織。其宗旨是促進世界電氣電子領域的標準化。 IEC標準是國際電工委員會制定的標準。
A. 鎳氫電池的主要組成部分有正極片(氧化鎳)、負極片(儲氫合金)、電解液(主要是KOH)、隔膜紙、密封圈、正極帽、電池殼等。
A. 鋰離子電池的主要組成部分有電池上下蓋、正極片(活性物質為鈷酸鋰)、隔膜(一種特殊的複合膜)、負極(活性物質為碳)、有機電解液、電池殼(分為鋼殼和鋁殼兩種)等等。
A. 是指電池工作時電流流過電池所經歷的電阻。 它由歐姆內阻和極化內阻組成。 電池顯著的內阻會降低電池放電工作電壓,縮短放電時間。 內阻主要受電池材料、製造流程、電池結構等因素影響。 它是衡量電池性能的重要參數。 註:一般以充電狀態下的內阻為標準。 計算電池內阻時,應使用專用內阻計,而不是歐姆量程的萬用電表。
A. 電池的標稱電壓是指正常工作時所表現出的電壓。 二次鎳鎘鎳氫電池標稱電壓為1.2V; 二次鋰電池的標稱電壓為3.6V。
A. 開路電壓是指電池不工作時,即電路中沒有電流流過時,電池正負極之間的電位差。 工作電壓又稱端電壓,是指電池工作時,即電路中存在過電流時,電池正負極之間的電位差。
A. 電池的容量分為額定功率和實際容量。 電池的額定容量是指在設計和製造時規定或保證電池在一定的放電條件下應放出的最低電量。 IEC標準規定鎳鎘和鎳氫電池在0.1℃±16℃的溫度下以0.2C充電1.0小時,以20C放電至5V。 電池的額定容量以C5表示。 鋰離子電池規定在常溫、恆流(3C)-恆壓(1V)控制苛刻條件下充電4.2小時,放電至額定容量時以0.2C至2.75V放電。 電池的實際容量是指在一定的放電條件下暴放出的真實電量,主要受放電倍率和溫度的影響(所以嚴格來說,電池容量應該註明充放電條件)。 電池容量的單位為Ah、mAh(1Ah=1000mAh)。
A. 充電電池在大電流(如1C以上)放電時,由於電流過流內部擴散速率存在“瓶頸效應”,在容量未完全放完時,電池已達到端電壓,然後用0.2C等小電流可以繼續去除,直至1.0V/個(鎳鎘、鎳氫電池)和3.0V/個(鋰電池),釋放出的容量稱為剩餘容量。
A. 鎳氫充電電池的放電平台通常是指在特定的放電制度下放電時電池工作電壓相對穩定的電壓範圍。 其值與放電電流有關。 電流越大,重量越輕。 鋰離子電池的放電平台一般是電壓為4.2V時停止充電,恆壓電流小於0.01C,放置10分鐘,以任意倍率放電至3.6V目前的。 是衡量電池品質的必要標準。
A. 根據IEC標準,鎳氫電池的標誌由5個部分組成。 01)電池類型:HF、HR表示鎳氫電池 02)電池尺寸資訊:包括圓形電池的直徑和高度,方形電池的高度、寬度和厚度以及數值 之間以斜線隔開,單位:mm 03) 放電特性符號: L 表示適合的放電電流率在0.5CM以內 表示適合的放電電流率在0.5-3.5CH以內 表示適合的放電電流率在3.5以內- 7.0CX表示電池可以工作在7C-15C的高倍率放電電流下。 04)高溫電池符號:以T表示 05)電池連接件:CF表示無連接件,HH表示電池牽引式串聯連接件,HB表示並列串聯連接件電池帶。 例如,HF18/07/49代表方形鎳氫電池,寬度為18mm、7mm、高度為49mm。 KRMT33/62HH代表鎳鎘電池; 放電倍率0.5C-3.5之間,高溫系列單體電池(不含連接片),直徑33mm,高度62mm。 根據IEC61960標準,二次鋰電池的標識如下: 01)電池標識組成:3個字母,後面跟著6個數字(圓柱形)或XNUMX個(方形)數字。 02)第一個字母:表示電池的有害電極材料。 I-代表鋰離子內建電池; L——代表鋰金屬電極或鋰合金電極。 03)第二個字母:表示電池的正極材料。 C——鈷基焊條; N——鎳基電極; M——錳基焊條; V——釩基電極。 04)第三個字母:表示電池的形狀。 R-代表圓柱電池; L-代表方形電池。 05)數字:圓柱形電池:5個數字分別表示風暴的直徑和高度。 直徑的單位是毫米,尺寸的單位是十分之一毫米。 當任何直徑或高度大於或等於100mm時,應在兩個尺寸之間加一條對角線。 方形電池:6個數字表示風暴的厚度、寬度和高度,單位為毫米。 當三個尺寸中任一個大於或等於100mm時,尺寸之間應加斜線;如果三個尺寸中的任何一個小於1毫米,則在該尺寸前面加上字母“t”,該尺寸的單位是十分之一毫米。 例如ICR18650代表圓柱形二次鋰離子電池; 正極材料為鈷,直徑約18mm,高度約65mm。 ICR20/1050。 ICP083448代表方形二次鋰離子電池; 正極材料為鈷,厚度約8mm,寬度約34mm,高度約48mm。 ICP08/34/150代表方形二次鋰離子電池; 正極材料為鈷,厚度約8mm,寬度約34mm,高度約150mm。
A. 01)纖維紙、雙面膠帶等不干介子(紙) 02)PVC薄膜、商標管 03)連接片:不銹鋼片、純鎳片、鍍鎳鋼板 04)引出片:不銹鋼片(易焊接) 純鎳片(點焊牢固) 05)插頭06)溫控開關、過電流保護器、限流電阻等保護元件07)紙箱、紙盒08)塑膠外殼
A. 01)漂亮,品牌 02)電池電壓有限。為了獲得更高的電壓,必須將多個電池串聯起來。 03) 保護電池,防止短路,延長電池壽命 04) 尺寸限制 05) 便於運輸 06) 特殊功能設計,如防水、獨特的外觀設計等。
A. 主要包括電壓、內阻、容量、能量密度、內壓、自放電率、循環壽命、密封性能、安全性能、儲存性能、外觀等,還有過充、過放、耐腐蝕等。
A. 01)循環壽命 02)不同倍率放電特性 03)不同溫度下的放電特性 04)充電特性 05)自放電特性 06)儲存特性 07)過放電特性 08)不同溫度下的內阻特性 09)溫度循環測試10) 跌落測試11) 振動測試12) 容量測試13) 內阻測試14) GMS 測試15) 高低溫衝擊測試16) 機械衝擊測試17) 高溫高濕測試
A. 01) 短路測試 02) 過充過放測試 03) 耐壓測試 04) 衝擊測試 05) 震動測試 06) 發熱測試 07) 防火測試 09) 變溫循環測試 10) 涓流充電測試 11) 自由跌落測試12)低氣壓試驗13)強制放電試驗15)電熱板試驗17)熱衝擊試驗19)針刺試驗20)擠壓試驗21)重物衝擊試驗
A. 鎳氫電池的充電方法: 01)恆定電流充電:整個充電過程中充電電流為一個特定值;這種方法最常見; 02)恆壓充電:充電過程中,充電電源兩端維持恆定值,電路中的電流隨著電池電壓的升高而逐漸減少; 03)恆定電流恆壓充電:首先對電池進行恆定電流(CC)充電。當電池電壓上升到特定值時,電壓保持不變(CV),電路中的風量下降到很小,最終趨於零。鋰電池充電方式: 恆定電流恆壓充電:首先對電池進行恆定電流(CC)充電。當電池電壓上升到特定值時,電壓保持不變(CV),電路中的風量下降到很小,最終趨於零。
A. IEC國際標準規定,鎳氫電池的標準充放電為:先將電池以0.2C放電至1.0V/個,然後以0.1C充電16小時,放置1小時,放以0.2C至1.0V/個,即以電池標準充放電。
A. 脈衝充電一般採用充放電,設定5秒後釋放1秒。 它將在放電脈衝下將充電過程中產生的大部分氧氣還原為電解質。 它不僅限制了內部電解液的蒸發量,而且那些嚴重極化的舊電池在使用這種充電方法充放電5-10次後會逐漸恢復或接近原始容量。
A. 涓流充電用於彌補電池充滿電後自放電造成的容量損失。 一般採用脈衝電流充電來達到上述目的。
A. 充電效率是指電池在充電過程中消耗的電能轉換為電池所能儲存的化學能的程度。 主要受電池技術和暴風雨的工作環境溫度影響-一般環境溫度越高,充電效率越低。
A. 放電效率是指在一定的放電條件下放電至額定容量時的實際功率。 主要受放電倍率、環境溫度、內阻等因素影響。 一般來說,放電率越高,放電率越高。 放電效率越低。 溫度越低,放電效率越低。
A. 電池的輸出功率是指單位時間內輸出能量的能力。根據放電電流I和放電電壓計算得出,P=U*I,單位為瓦特。電池的內阻越低,輸出功率越高。電池的內阻應小於用電器的內阻。否則,電池本身比用電器消耗更多的電量,既不經濟,又可能損壞電池。
Q. 什麼是二次電池的自放電?不同類型電池的自放電率是多少?
A. 自放電也稱為電荷保持能力,是指電池在開路狀態下在一定環境條件下所儲存電量的保持能力。一般來說,自放電主要受製造流程、材料和儲存條件的影響。自放電是衡量電池性能的主要參數之一。一般來說,電池的儲存溫度越低,自放電率越低,但也應注意溫度過低或過高,都可能損壞電池而無法使用。電池充滿電並開路一段時間後,平均會出現一定程度的自放電。 IEC標準規定,鎳氫電池充滿電後,在溫度28℃±20℃、濕度(5±65)%的條件下,開路放置20天,0.2C放電容量達到60%。
A. 鋰電池的自放電測試為:一般採用24小時自放電來快速測試其荷電保持能力。電瓶以0.2C恆流放電至3.0V。恆壓充電至4.2V,截止電流:10mA,存放15分鐘後,以1C放電至3.0V測試其放電能力C1,然後將電池設定為恆定電流恆壓1C至4.2V,截止關斷電流:10mA,放置1小時後測量2C容量C24。 C2/C1*100% 應比 99% 更顯著。
A. 充電狀態內阻是指電池100%充滿電時的內阻;放電狀態內阻是指電池完全放電後的內阻。一般來說,放電狀態下的內阻不穩定且過大。充電狀態下內阻較小,阻值較穩定。電池在使用過程中,只有充電狀態的內阻才具有實際意義。在電池的幫助後期,由於電解液的耗盡和內部化學物質活性的降低,電池的內阻會出現不同程度的增加。
A. 靜態內阻是電池放電時的內阻,動態內阻是電池充電時的內阻。
A. IEC規定鎳氫電池的標準過充電測試為:將電池以0.2C放電至1.0V/個,並以0.1C持續充電48小時。電池應無變形、漏液。過充後,0.2C放電到1.0V的時間應大於5小時。
A. IEC規定鎳氫電池的標準循環壽命測試為:將電池置於0.2C至1.0V/個01)0.1C充電16小時,然後0.2C放電2小時30分鐘(02個循環) 0.25)3C充電10小時0.25分鐘,2C充電20小時2分鐘(48-03個循環) 0.25)3C充電10小時1.0分鐘,放電至0.25C 49V(第04次循環) 0.1)16C充電1小時,放置0.2小時,1.0C放電至50V(第400次循環)。對於鎳氫電池,重複1-4循環0.2次後,3C放電時間應明顯大於500小時;對於鎳鎘電池,重複1-4總共0.2個循環,3C放電時間應該比XNUMX小時更關鍵。
A. 是指電池內部氣壓,是由密封電池充放電時產生的氣體引起的,主要受電池材料、製造過程、電池結構的影響。主要原因是電池內部水分和有機溶液分解產生的氣體積聚。一般來說,電池的內部壓力保持在平均水平。在過充電或過放電的情況下,電池的內部壓力可能會增加:例如過充電,正極:4OH--4e→2H2O+O2↑; ① 產生的氧氣與負極析出的氫氣反應生成水 2H2 + O2 → 2H2O ② 如果反應②的速度低於反應①的速度,則生成的氧氣不能及時消耗掉,會導致電池內部壓力升高。
A. IEC規定鎳氫電池的標準荷電保持測試為:將電池置於0.2C至1.0V後,以0.1C充電16小時,在20℃±5℃、濕度65%±的條件下保存20%,維持28天,然後以1.0C放電至0.2V,鎳氫電池應在3小時以上。國家標準規定鋰電池的標準荷電保持率測試為:(IEC無相關標準)將電池置於0.2C至3.0/個,然後以4.2C恆定電流恆壓充電至1V,用截止風量10mA,溫度20 ℃±28℃保存5天后,2.75C放電至0.2V,計算放電容量。與電池標稱容量相比,應不低於初始總容量的85%。
A. 以內阻≤100mΩ的導線連接防爆箱內充滿電的電池正負極,使正負極短路。 電池不應爆炸或著火。
A. 鎳氫電池的高溫高濕試驗為:電池充滿電後,在恆溫恆濕條件下存放數天,存放期間觀察無漏液。鋰電池的高溫高濕試驗為:(國家標準)將電池以1C恆流恆壓充電至4.2V,截止電流10mA,然後放入連續恆溫恆濕箱中( 40±2)℃、相對濕度90% -95%放置48h,然後取出電池於(20±5)℃放置2.75h。觀察電池外觀應規範。然後以1C恆流放電至1V,然後在(1±20)℃下進行5C充電和85C放電循環,直到放電容量不小於初始總量的XNUMX%,但循環次數不超過超過三倍。
A. 電池充滿電後,放入烘箱中,以5℃/min的速度從室溫開始升溫。當烤箱溫度達到5°C時,保持130分鐘。電池不應爆炸或著火。當烤箱溫度達到30°C時,保持130分鐘。電池不應爆炸或著火。
A. 溫度循環實驗共27個循環,每個過程由以下步驟組成: 01) 將電池從平均溫度改為66±3℃,在1±15%的條件下放置5小時, 02) 切換到溫度33±3 ℃、濕度90±5℃放置1小時, 03) 條件改為-40±3℃,放置1小時04) 將電池置於25℃放置0.5小時這四個步驟完成一個循環。經過27次循環實驗後,電池應無漏液、爬鹼、生鏽等異常狀況。
A. 電池或電池組充滿電後,從1m高處跌落至混凝土(或水泥)地面XNUMX次,獲得隨機方向的衝擊。
A. 鎳氫電池的振動測試方法為:將電池以1.0C放電至0.2V後,以0.1C充電16小時,放置24小時後在以下條件下振動: 振幅:0.8mm電池在10HZ-55HZ之間振動,以每分鐘1HZ的振動頻率增加或減少。電池電壓變化應在±0.02V以內,內阻變化應在±5mΩ以內。 (振動時間為90min)鋰電池振動測試方法為:將電池以3.0C放電至0.2V後,以4.2C恆流恆壓充電至1V,截止電流為10mA。放置24小時後,會在以下條件下振動:振動實驗以振動頻率從10赫茲到60赫茲到10赫茲5分鐘進行,振幅為0.06英吋。電池三軸方向振動,每軸振動半小時。電池電壓變化應在±0.02V以內,內阻變化應在±5mΩ以內。
A. 電池充滿電後,水平放置一根硬棒,將20磅重的物體從一定高度落在硬棒上。 電池不應爆炸或著火。
A. 電池充滿電後,將特定直徑的釘子穿過風暴中心,並將釘子留在電池中。 電池不應爆炸或著火。
A. 將充滿電的電池放在帶有獨特防火保護罩的加熱裝置上,並且不會有碎片穿過保護罩。
A. 通過了ISO9001:2000品質系統認證和ISO14001:2004環保系統認證; 產品獲得歐盟CE認證和北美UL認證,通過SGS環保檢測,並獲得Ovonic專利許可; 同時,人保財險已批准該公司產品在全球範圍內承保。
A. 即用型電池是該公司推出的新型高荷電保持率鎳氫電池。 是一種具有原廠、二次電池雙重性能、可替代原電池的耐儲存電池。 也就是說,該電池可以回收利用,並且在與普通鎳氫二次電池相同的時間內儲存後具有更高的剩餘電量。
Q. 為什麼即用型 (HFR) 是取代一次性電池的理想產品?
A. 與同類產品相比,本產品具有以下顯著特點: 01)自放電較小; 02) 儲存時間較長; 03)耐過放; 04)循環壽命長; 05)特別是當電池電壓低於1.0V時,具有良好的容量恢復功能;更重要的是,該類電池在75℃環境下保存一年,電荷保持率高達25%,因此該電池是取代一次性電池的理想產品。
A. 01)使用前請仔細閱讀電池說明書; 02)電器和電池接點應清潔,必要時用濕布擦拭乾淨,並在乾燥後按極性標記安裝; 03)不要新舊電池混用,同一型號不同型號的電池不能混用,以免降低使用效率; 04)一次性電池不能透過加熱或充電再生; 05)請勿使電池短路; 06)請勿拆下、加熱電池或將電池投入水中; 07)電器長期不使用時,應將電池取出,使用完畢後應將開關關閉; 08)不要隨意丟棄廢棄電池,並儘可能與其他垃圾分開,以免污染環境; 09) 在沒有成人監護的情況下,請勿讓兒童更換電池。小電池應放置在兒童接觸不到的地方; 10)電池應存放在陰涼、乾燥、無陽光直射的地方。
A. 目前,鎳鎘、鎳氫、鋰離子充電電池廣泛應用於各種便攜式電器設備(如筆記型電腦、相機、手機等)。每個充電電池都有其獨特的化學特性。鎳鎘電池和鎳氫電池的主要差異在於鎳氫電池的能量密度比較高。與同類型電池相比,鎳氫電池的容量是鎳鎘電池的兩倍。這意味著,在不給用電設備增加額外重量的情況下,使用鎳氫電池可以顯著延長設備的工作時間。鎳氫電池的另一個優點是,它顯著減少了鎘電池的「記憶效應」問題,使鎳氫電池的使用更加方便。鎳氫電池比鎳鎘電池更環保,因為內部不含有毒重金屬元素。鋰離子電池也迅速成為可攜式裝置的常用電源。鋰離子電池可提供與鎳氫電池相同的能量,但重量可減輕約35%,適用於相機和筆記型電腦等電氣設備。這是至關重要的。鋰離子電池沒有「記憶效應」、不含有毒物質的優點也是其成為常用電源的重要因素。它會顯著降低鎳氫電池在低溫下的放電效率。一般情況下,充電效率會隨著溫度的升高而提高。然而,當溫度升至45℃以上時,充電電池材料在高溫下的表現會下降,會顯著縮短電池的循環壽命。
Q. 電池的放電率是多少?風暴每小時的釋放率是多少?
A. 倍率放電是指燃燒時放電電流(A)與額定容量(A·h)之間的速率關係。 小時率放電是指在特定的輸出電流下釋放額定容量所需的小時數。
A. 由於數位相機中的電池溫度較低,活性物質活性明顯降低,可能無法提供相機的標準工作電流,因此在低溫地區進行戶外拍攝尤其如此。注意相機或電池的溫度。
A. 如果將不同容量的新舊電池混用或一起使用,可能會出現漏液、零電壓等現象,這是由於充電過程中電量的差異,導致部分電池在充電時出現過充現象。 有些電池沒有充滿電,放電時還有容量。 高容量電池未完全放電,低容量電池過度放電。 如此惡性循環,導致電池損壞、漏液或電壓低(零)。
A. 將電池的外部兩端連接到任何導體都會導致外部短路。 短期使用可能會對不同類型的電池造成嚴重的後果,如電解液溫度升高、內部氣壓升高等。如果氣壓超過電池蓋的耐受電壓,電池就會漏液。 這種情況會嚴重損壞電池。 如果安全閥失效,甚至可能引起爆炸。 因此,請勿使電池外部短路。
A. 01)充電:選擇充電器時,最好選用具有正確充電終止裝置(如防過充時間裝置、負壓差(-V)截止充電、防過熱感應裝置)的充電器,避免因過度充電而縮短電池壽命。一般來說,慢充比快充更能延長電池的使用壽命。 02) 放電:放電深度是影響電池壽命的主要因素。釋放深度越高,電池壽命越短。也就是說,只要減少放電深度,就可以顯著延長電池的使用壽命。因此,我們應該避免將電池過度放電至很低的電壓。 b.當電池在高溫下放電時,會縮短其使用壽命。 C。如果設計的電子設備無法完全停止所有電流,如果設備長時間閒置而沒有取出電池,殘餘電流有時會導致電池過度消耗,造成暴風過放。 d.當使用不同容量、化學結構或不同充電等級的電池以及各種新舊類型的電池時,電池會過度放電,甚至引起反極性充電。 03)儲存:如果電池長期在高溫下儲存,會減弱其電極活性,縮短其使用壽命。
Q. 電池用完後或長時間不使用可以存放在電器中嗎?
A. 如果長時間不使用電器,最好將電池取出,放在低溫乾燥的地方。 如果不這樣做,即使關閉電器,系統仍然會使電池有低電流輸出,從而縮短暴風雨的使用壽命。
Q. 電池存放的最佳條件是什麼?長期存放需要電池充滿電嗎?
A. 依IEC標準,電池應存放在溫度20℃±5℃、濕度(65±20)%的環境中。一般來說,暴風雨的存放溫度越高,容量剩餘率越低,反之亦然,存放電池的最佳地點是冰箱溫度為0℃-10℃,尤其是原電池。即使二次電池在存放後失去容量,只要經過多次充放電就可以恢復。理論上,電池在儲存時總會有能量損失。電池固有的電化學結構決定了電池容量不可避免地會損失,主要是由於自放電。通常,自放電的大小與正極材料在電解液中的溶解度及其受熱後的不穩定性(容易自分解)有關。充電電池的自放電遠高於原電池。如果要長期存放電池,最好將其放置在乾燥低溫的環境中,並將電池剩餘電量保持在40%左右。當然,最好每月取出一次電池,以確保暴風雨良好的儲存狀態,但不要將電池完全耗盡,損壞電池。
A. 國際上規定作為測量電位(電位)標準的電池。它是由美國電氣工程師E.韋斯頓於1892年發明的,因此也稱為韋斯頓電池。標準電池的正極為硫酸汞電極,負極為鎘汞齊金屬(含10%或12.5%) 鎘),電解質為酸性飽和硫酸鎘水溶液,即飽和硫酸鎘及硫酸亞汞水溶液。
A. 01)電池外部短路或過充、反充(強制過放); 02)電池高倍率大電流持續過充,導致電芯膨脹,正負極直接接觸短路; 03)電瓶短路或輕微短路。例如,正負極放置不當導致極片接觸短路、正極接觸等。
A. 01)單節電池是否零電壓; 02)插頭短路或斷線,插頭接觸不良; 03)引線、電池的拆焊、虛焊; 04)電池內部連接不正確,連接片與電池有漏液、虛焊、脫焊等; 05) 電池內部電子元件連接錯誤、損壞。
A. 為了防止電池過充,需要控制充電終點。當電池充滿時,會有一些獨特的訊息,可以用來判斷充電是否到達終點。一般防止電池過充的方法有以下六種: 01)峰值電壓控制:透過偵測電池的峰值電壓來確定充電結束; 02)dT/DT控制:透過偵測電池的峰值溫度變化率來判斷充電結束; 03)△T控制:當電池充滿電時,溫度與環境溫度的溫差達到最大; 04)-△V控制:當電池充滿電並達到峰值電壓時,電壓會下降特定值; 05)定時控制:透過設定特定的充電時間來控制充電的終點,一般設定充電到標稱容量的130%所需的時間來處理;
A. 01)零電壓電池或電池組中的零電壓電池; 02)電池組斷線,內部電子元件及保護電路異常; 03)充電設備故障,無輸出電流; 04) 外部因素導致充電效率過低(如溫度極低或極高)。
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